Transumpt of the Lwów city councilors of the privilege of Stephen Báthory approving the statute of the woodturners' guild

[Calligraphic header:] COUNCILORS OF THE CITY OF LWÓW To all and each one whom it may concern, by these presents we make known and certify that there has been presented to us the authentic parchment privilege written below, graciously granted to the Lwów woodturners' guild by the late most illustrious Stephen, King of Poland, signed by his own hand and strengthened with the seal of the Lesser Crown Chancellery, whole, sound, and intact, the wording of which follows word for word: WORDING OF THE PRIVILEGE STEPHEN, BY THE GRACE OF GOD, KING of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania, Ruthenia, Prussia, Masovia, Samogitia, Kiev, Volhynia, Podolia, and Livonia, etc., Prince of Transylvania. We hereby make known by our [letter] to all and each one whom it may concern, that there have been presented to us by certain of our advisors on behalf of our Lwów burghers, the guild or brotherhood of masters of the woodturning craft, and all our Lwów subjects, the articles or customs long maintained and observed among them. And we have been requested to approve, confirm, renew, and strengthen these same articles in their terms and conditions, both in part and in whole. The wording of which articles follows word for word and is as follows: First of all, anyone who wishes to join this guild and brotherhood must first accept the city law and show everyone the letters of their legitimate birth, demonstrate and prove proficiency in their art and the work of their hands through trials, which they call "masterpieces". And then, upon admission to the guild, he must deposit 3 florins and treat his brethren. Therefore, a new woodturner is obliged to show such a masterpiece of his: he must make a flask called a "flasza", in which a double drink could be stored and kept separately without mixing. Furthermore, he must make a bowl, that is, a jug called a "lempa" with an extended piece of wood, otherwise with a long neck for three and a half mugs [or handfuls], on the top of which a braid in the shape of a box is to be made. He must also make a goblet or bowl in the style of an Italian crater, well-shaped and with a carved lid. When the woodturner has completely finished these trials, he shall show them to the masters of that craft, and if they deem them suitable and skillfully made, they should accept him as a master. If, however, [...] he does not satisfy such trials, then such a person should not be promoted to master nor admitted to the guild or brotherhood until he has fully learned the craft. If, however, he should fail slightly while working on such trials, he may be admitted to the guild and brotherhood, having previously deposited one florin into the brotherhood's chest on account of the insufficient proof of his skill [in currency...]. About [...] the announcement, he should provide a tub of beer for the masters, treating all guild brothers according to his means. And every new master admitted to the guild and brotherhood must then first deposit the sum of 3 florins to the guild, and give 12 florins to the chest. And a musket according to the brethren's liking and half a stone of gunpowder for the defense of the city. If he cannot have this at that time, then they will set him a certain bearable deadline, within which he will be able to pay these monies successively and provide a treat for all the brethren, and if he does not want to provide a treat, he must deposit 12 florins for it. Secondly, it shall be so with the sons of masters and journeymen who take the daughters of masters as wives: these shall be obliged to deposit only half [...] and shall be free from trials. The senior masters, together with others assigned, should summon the remaining masters to the guild every two weeks and send the guild sign according to custom. Which sign one master shall pass to the next nearest one, and the last one shall bring it to the senior under penalty of [...] groschen. And if any of the masters of this craft, notified by the sign, does not arrive at the guild on time without a just cause or does not excuse himself to the senior masters, then he must deposit two bezmians of refined wax as a penalty. The senior masters, together with [...] four council masters, must, according to the custom of other guilds, close the guild meeting and, having bought a candle for one denarius [...], light the said candle, which shall burn [...]. And when the senior master or one of the masters [...] and is accustomed to keep the keys to the chest [...] does not arrive at the guild while this candle is burning, then he is punished with one denarius [...]. And [...] this master [...] are obliged to give half a quarter each to the chest, except for the senior masters, who are not obliged to do so. If [...] the senior master or around the table [...] not having sat in his place [...] earns groschen, and the younger three denarii. Furthermore, if any of the masters at a closed guild meeting should dare to utter words [...] abusive and hurtful and dishonor the guild, such a one [shall pay] half a stone [of wax] [...]. [When the seniors] recognize this and wish to punish or admonish him for the fault, and he rebelliously leaves them, such a one shall be obliged to give a pound of wax to the guild. It is also [not allowed] for one master to poach a journeyman from another master [...], under penalty of a pound [of wax] [...]. [An apprentice should be] presented and registered [...] and shall give [...] groschen. To which craft only sons from a legitimate bed should be admitted, and such a one shall be obliged to receive instruction continuously for 3 years. And whoever among the apprentices would like to buy out his time with money, must then pay his master eight marks of money or as he arranges with his master for an earlier release. And when the apprentice has fully learned the craft and satisfied this craft according to custom, [...] he should give him a Wrocław gown, a cap, a shirt, and shoes, and he himself shall be obliged to work for his master for wages for half a year after learning. And then, if they wish to make an arrangement, it will depend on his will and discretion. Furthermore, all masters of the guild of this craft will be obliged [...] on the very feast of the Most Holy Body of Christ to participate armed and decently equipped with gear, in the style of the assembly of other guilds, under penalty of the lords councilors. And if any of the masters and brethren of this guild, during the treat usually held on this feast of Corpus Christi, should shamefully disturb it not only by deed but also by words and cause something unpleasant or quarrelsome, such a one shall be obliged to pay for that entire treat himself, although this shall remain at the mercy of the guild brothers. Also, no one should or will be able to practice these crafts here to their destruction, only whoever would have a guild with them, under penalty of [...] and confiscation of such products [...]. Also, if any of the journeymen after his release worked in this guild without having entered into a marriage state, then he is obliged to give a barrel of beer every year until he enters into marriage. The master woodturners themselves should also have their candles in the style of other brotherhoods in the Ruthenian church subject to [obedience] and nowhere else, and appoint two younger masters who will light and extinguish those candles on holidays during services and keep them, which, however, they themselves will be able to replace with another. If they fail in this duty, they shall be punished with a bezmian of wax. Also, all masters are obliged under penalty of three denarii to be present at the funerals of brethren and their children, escorting them with the usual rite to the Ruthenian church. Also, the masters of the said craft may and have the right to admit to their craft all other suitable persons, and to teach and instruct those admitted, to make and appoint them as journeymen, to give nicknames both to others and to their own apprentices according to the custom of this craft, and then to promote them to mastership. So that their journeymen could also be recognized as suitable elsewhere and perform the art no differently than if they had learned it in Kraków. Also, whoever among the brothers would arrive at the guild with a weapon or barefoot, such a one shall be subject to a penalty of one and a half groschen. Also, it will be permitted for these above-mentioned masters by the power of this privilege to remove from the city and its suburbs unprofessional masters, commonly called "rutacze" or "partacze", who interfere with the craft from the countryside. Also, whoever among the masters of the woodturning art would keep an apprentice with him or allow him to work, and that apprentice would be deprived of the nickname accepted in this craft, that is "without a nickname", such a one shall pay a penalty of six marks to the guild [...]. Also, a journeyman, whoever would work for an unlearned master, commonly called a partacz, shall be subject to the same penalty of six marks for the benefit of the guild, and also shall be kept in prison for two full weeks. Also, let no one dare to bring in from outside or sell work or goods that belong to their own craft, under penalty of confiscation of goods, of which half [shall go] to the city, and the other half to the complaining party. If, however, a master, having accepted an apprentice into service, keeps him for more than two weeks without the knowledge of the senior masters, such a one shall deposit four pounds of wax to the guild. Also, whoever would come to their guild from another [brotherhood], wishing to be admitted to their brotherhood and practice [woodturning], shall be obliged to bring from his guild to their guild letters certifying [his] learning in the craft. Also, so that no master [...], and if he keeps [...], three denarii [...]. Also, if a widow after the death of her husband wishes to remain in the same craft, the brethren are obliged to care for her well-being and [give her] a journeyman [...]. Finally, when any of the masters fails in these above-written articles, he shall be punished with a double penalty. We, therefore, Stephen, the aforementioned King, [...] around the time of our solemn royal coronation, have confirmed and approved all privileges, laws, liberties, immunities, and glorious customs of our subjects in Kraków, however, when our subjects of the woodturners' guild [...] through certain of our advisors most humbly requested to be provided with our special confirmation on behalf of our Majesty, acceding to their request and petition as just and gracious, we approve, confirm, strengthen, and ratify the articles or ordinances of this same guild or brotherhood described above in all their points, articles, clauses, conditions, and rulings in whole and in part, insofar as and to the extent that they do not violate the laws and constitutions of our Kingdom, and their application justly and legally takes place and should take place, we decree. Determining that they and everything contained in them should obtain due force and legal stability. In witness whereof we have issued this letter, which we have signed with our hand and ordered to be provided with the seal of our Kingdom. Given in Lwów, on the first day of the month of July, in the year of our Lord one thousand five hundred and seventy-eight, and in the third year of our reign. [Verso:] [Note 1:] Of the woodturners [Note 2:] Privilege [...] [Note 3:] Articles of the woodturners

[Nagłówek kaligraficzny:] CONSVLES CIVITATIS LEOPOLIENSIS Vniuersis et Singulis, quorum interest tenore præsentium notum testatumq[ue] facimus Exhibitum nobis e[ss]e Priuilegium pergqmeneum in- frascriptum authenticu[m] Contubernio Torneatorum Leopoliens[ium] per Serenissimu[m] olim STEPHANVM REGEM Poloniæ benigniter datu[m] manu eiusdem subscriptum et Sigillo Minoris Cancellariæ Regni Communitum Saluum Sanum ac illæsum, cuius de Verbo ad Verbum tenor Sequitur talis. TENOR PRIVILEGII STEPHANVS DEI GRATIA REX Poloniæ Magnus Dux Lithuaniæ Russiæ Prussiæ Masouiæ Samogitiæ Kiiouiæ Volhiniæ Podlachiæ Liuoniæq[ue] etc. Princeps Transiluaniæ. Significamus p[ræ]sentibus n[ost]ris quorum interest Vniuersis et Singulis reproductas e[ss]e nobis per Certos Consiliarios n[ost]ros nomine Ciuium n[ost]rorum Leopoliens[ium] Contubernii Seu Fraternitatis Artificii Torneatoris Magistrorum et omniu[m] et subditoru[m] n[ost]rorum Leopoliens[ium] Articulos Seu Consuetudines inter ipsos ab antiquo tentos et obseruatos. Supplicatumq[ue] est nobis, vt eosdem Articulos articulis et conditionib[us], tam in parte, q[u]am in toto approbaremus, Confirmaremus, Innouarem[us], Fautificaremus. Quoru[m] quide[m] Articuloru[m] Tenor de Verbo ad Verbu[m] sequitur, et est talis. Inprimis O[mn]is, q[u]i se in hoc ip[su]m Contuberniu[m] et Fra- t[ernit]atem incorporare Voluerit, primum de Ius Ciuile Suscipere, et Suæ legi[ti]mæ Genealogiæ l[ite]ras o[mn]ib[us] ostendere, artis suæ peritiam et manus suæ laborem per probas quas Sztuki Vocant docere et demonstrare. Et tum admissionis ad Contuberniu[m] debet Tres Floren[os] reponere, et confratres tunc tractare. Nouus itaq[ue] Torneator artem suam tenetur talem exhibere. Lagenam dictam Flasze, in qua duplex potus absq[ue] commixtione distinctim possit ser- uari et Contineri, fabricare debet. Ad hæc Lepistam, hoc e[st], Cantarum dictam Lempa cu[m] producta ligea, alias z długa szyia ad mediu[m] q[u]artu[m] pugillum facere, in cuius Summitate fieri debet textura in formam pixidis redacta. Cupam quoq[ue] facere seu Ciffum ad instar Crateris Italici laboris bene formati et cu[m] operimento celato. Quas probas du[m] ipse Torneator integre p[er]ficiet, Mag[ist]ris eiusde[m] Artificii ostendet et si eas phatas et iuxta artem factas cognoscet talem pro Mag[ist]ro suscipere debet. Si vero claus[?] huiusmodi probis n[on] satisfecerit, extunc talis non debebit in mag[ist]rum promoueri, et neq[ue] ad Conbr[ater]niu[m] seu fr[ater]nitatem admitti, ta[m] diu, donec plene artificium didicerit. Verum si circa la- bore[m] talu[m] probarum modico deliquit, poterit in Cobr[ater]niu[m] et fr[ater]nitate[m] admitti, du[m] prius ratione n[on] p[ro]bationis sufficientis artis suæ in communitate fr[ater]nitatis ad Scrinium flor[enum] vnum pec[unia]... Circa quartu[m] pharu[m] publicacionem debet pro Mag[ist]ris Sca- petum Ceruisiæ consumente omnes f[rat]res Contubernales pro suo posse tractare. Cuiuaq[ue] nouus Mag[iste]r Conb[rater]n[itat]em et fr[ater]nitatem suscept[us], extunc ante o[mn]ia Sumam 3ru[m] flor[enorum] contubernio reponere, et ad Cisticellam flor[enos] 12 dare. Et Bombardam sc[un]d[u]m placitum confr[atr]u[m] et me- diu[m] lapide[m] pulueris p[ro] defensione Ciuitatis. Quod se habere pro tunc n[on] poterit, extunc sibi certu[m] ter[minu]m constituerint tollerabiles, pro q[ui]b[us] successiue poterit huiusmodi pec[unias] dissoluere, et collatione[m] pro o[mn]ib[us] Confr[atri]b[us] ministrare, vel si noluerit collat[i]o[n]e[m], pro ea de[bebit] flor[enos] 12 reponere. Sec[un]d[o] in erit de filiis Magistrorum et socioru[m], qui Magistroru[m] filias sibi matri[monio] copulabu[n]t, hi n[on] nisi medietate[m] dari hu[ius] c[aus]a n[ost]ra mag[ist]ri tenebit[ur] reponere, et a probis eru[n]t liberi. Seniores Magistri adiunctis alijs debent alios Magistros ad Contuberniu[m] in duabus continuis septimanis conuocare, et signu[m] p[er] consuetudine[m] mittere. Quod signum vnus ad aliu[m] sibi p[ro]ximiore[m] Magistru[m] destinabit, et vltimus ad Seniorem reportabit sub pœna gross[orum] [...]. Et si quis Magistroru[m] artificii huius ex[ist]ens signo puenitus absq[ue] legitima Causa ad Contuberniu[m] opportunè n[on] venerit, vel se apud Seniores Magistros n[on] excusauerit, extunc p[ro] pœna duo Beznan Ceræ Tri- tator[um] reponere tenebitur. Seniores Magistri adiunctis [...] quatuor Magistris R[ad]zijs, de iux[ta] consuetudine[m] alioru[m] Contubernioru[m] barrire contuberniu[m], et comparata vnius denarii candela cerca n[ost]ram quadripannien[?] ac vnum quatwale[?] dicta Candela accendet, quæ arde[bit] [...], Vbi vero Mag[iste]r Senior, vel aliquis Magistrorum [...] et solet claues ad Cistic[ellam] [...] seruare ad contuberniu[m] n[on] venerit, donec ipsa Candela arserit, extunc pœnatur un[um] denari[um] [...]. Et clum ea ip[s]e Mag[iste]r p[er] ceficenteb[us] [...] ernit tenent[ur] per medium q[ua]rt ad Cisticellam exponere, exceptis Magistri Seniorib[us] ad talia non tenent[ur]. Si [...] Magistro Seniori vel circa mensa[m] [...] entiu[m] n[on] locato loco suo, et gro[ssos] demerebitur et iunior trium denar[iorum]. Præterea siquis Magistrorum Sub barrito Contubernio verba [...] Conuicialia et iniuriosa p[ro]ferre, et contubernium inhonestare præsumpserit, talis medium lapide[m] cognoscat, illumq[ue] p[ro] demerito pœnare aut corrigere Velint, ipse vero rebelliter ab eis recesserit, talis Contubernio libram Ceri tenebit[ur] reponere. Non de etia[m] vsq[ue] Mag[iste]r alteri Magistro familian allegui cessili o[ffi]cyero sub pœna libræ p[ræ]sentari et inscribi d[e] et gro[ssi]z dare tenebitur. Ad q[u]od artificiu[m] n[ist]i legitimi filii debent admitti et talis p[er] 3 annos continuè informari tenebitur. Qui vero discipulus voluerit t[em]pus suu[m] pec[unia] redimere, tunc Magistro suo octo Marcas pec[uni]æ p[er]soluere debet, vel prou[t] Magistrum suum conducet pro se celerius liberari. Et dum discipulus artificium plenarie didicerit et artificio huic iuxt[a] Consuetudinem satisfecerit constituere constituere debebit, dareq[ue] Sibi tunicam Vratislauien[sem] Mitram, Camisiam et Calceorum Subtulares et ipse tenebitur apud suum Mag[ist]rum post elaborationem pro pretio medium Annum laborare. Et tum si his conferre Voluerint, stabit in eius arbitrio ac voluntate. Tenebunt[ur] præterea o[mn]es Mag[ist]ri Cœtu[m] huius artificii [...] ipso Festo SS[anti]ss[im]i Corporis CHRISTI interesse armati et honorifice instructi iuxt[a] Conuentu[m] alteri[us] Contubernioru[m] sub pœna D[omi]noru[m] Consulu[m]. Et si quis Magistrorum et Confr[atr]um eiusde[m] Contubernii t[emp]ore Collationis pro eode[m] festo Corp[oris] Chr[ist]i peragi so- lita[m] aliq[ua]m n[on] facto solu[m], verum etiam verbis inhoneste interturbauerit, et quid molestum vel litigiosum suscitauerit, talis tenebitur totam ipsam collationem per se solus persoluere, tamen id erit in g[rat]ia Fr[atr]um Cont[ubernii]. Nullus etiam debebit vel poterit ipsa artificia hic laborare in- destructionem eorum, solum ille quicumque eis contubernium habuerit sub pœna dnorum et laborum talium receptione cu[m] Vuxore d[i]c[t]o[n]i. Item cum aliquis socioru[m] post declaratione[m] suipsius in hoc Contubernio laborauerit absq[ue] constitutione in Matrim[onium], tunc tenetur dare dolium Cereuisiæ quolibet anno do- nec inuerit Matrim[onium]. Debent etiam ipsi Mag[ist]ri Torneatores suas Candelas ad instar aliaru[m] fr[ater]nitat[um] in Eccl[esi]a R[uthe]na obedientia et non alibi habere, ac duos Magistros iuniores, qui in f[est]is Diuina offa illas Candelas succendet et extinguet illasq[ue] conseruabunt designare, quod tn[?] ipsi poterint per alium supplere. Si vero in hoc offo deliquerit Beznan Ceri pœnabuntur. Item tenentur Magistri o[mn]es sub pœna trium denariorum adesse in Sepulturis confratrum liberorumq[ue] eor[um], cum solito ritu ad Eccl[esi]am R[uthe]nam reducere. Item Magistri p[ræ]dicti artificii alios quoscunq[ue] idoneos ad eorum artificium assumere, et assumptos instruere ac docere, Socios facere ac creare, cognomina tam alijs quam proprijs disipul[is] imponere, iuxta morem artificii eiusdem, deinde ad Magisterium prououere valeant et possint. Itaq[ue] socij p[ræ]terea eorum alibi pro idoneis admissi artem exercere possint non Secus ac in Cracouia didicissent. Item quicunq[ue] frater ad Contubernium cum armis vel nudis pedibus Venerit talis medij alteri gro[ssi] pœnam succubet. Item licebit eisd[e]m Magistris Supra expressis vigore huius priuilegii, quod ad artificium ipsum penes imperitos Magistros qui Vulgo Rutacze seu Paracze Vocant, Villarum artificium impediet ex Ciuitate et eius Suburbiis depellere. Item gicunq[ue] Magistri artis Tornary discipulum apud se detinuerit aut laborare p[er]miserit, ille vero discipulus cognomine artificij illius vsitato, id e[st] bez premianku caruerit, talis luei pœnam Sex Marcas contubernio eont[inuo] Ita etiam Socius quicunq[ue] apud indoctum Mag[ist]r[u]m, qui Partacz vulgo d[icitu]r, laborauerit eandem pœnam succubet sex Marcas contubernio, Nec non per duas integras Septimanas detineri in carcere debet. Item nemo audeat labore[m] seu Merces quæ proprij artificii ipsorum conuenit aliunde adue- here aut vendere sub pœna tuatione Mercimoniorum, cuius medietas C[iui]tati, alteram vero parti conquerenti. Si vero Magist[er] discipulo ad in ser[uiciu]m suscepto illum supra duas Septimanas detinuerit absq[ue] scitu Magistrorum Seniorum, talis quatuor libras ceræ contubernio reponet. Item quicunq[ue] ad ipsorum contubernium de alio Venerit, eorum fr[ater]nitate[m] susceptunus, et tamen Torn[eatoris?] exercere Volens, talis ex illo c[ontubernio?] l[ite]ras Confirmationis et inserta d[iti]onis in arte ad ipsorum contubernium portare tenebitur. Item vt nullus Magist[er] [...], quod si detinuerit et coniunctus fuerit tres denari[os] [...]. Item si Vidua mortuo marito voluerit in eodem artificio perseuerare, tenentur Confratres prouidere eius bonum et Sociu[m] [...], Demum quando aliquis Magist[er] in iis superius Scriptis articulis deliquerit, dupla punitus pœna. Nos itaq[ue] STEPHANVS REX p[ræ]nominat[us] et Circa Solenne[m] Coronatione[m] n[ost]ram Regia[m] o[mn]ia priui- legia, Iura, libertates, immunitates, laudabiles Consuetudines Subditoru[m] n[ost]rorum Cracouiæ Confirmauerimus et approbauerimus, tamen cu[m] uide[licet] subditi n[ost]ri artis Contubernioru[m] Torneatorum Cracouiæ [...] per certos Consiliarios n[ost]ros humillime petiissent Speciali Con- firmatione n[ost]ra a Ma[ies]te n[ost]ra prouideri petitioniq[ue] ac Supplicationi eorum vti iustæ et benignæ annuens articulos seu ordinationes eiusdem Contubernii Seu Fr[ater]nitatis Superius descriptos in omnibus eius momentis, punctis, Clausulis, Articulis et con- ditionibus, Sententijs in toto et in parte approbat[?], Confirmat[?], Corroborat[?], ratificat[?], prout in quantum legibus ac constitutionibus Regni n[ost]ri n[on] derogent, earumq[ue] vsus iustè ac legitimè habetur, habereq[ue] debet duximus. Decernens eosde[m] ac o[mn]ia in eis contenta robur debitu[m] ac legitimæ firmitatis obtinere debere. Harum quas manu n[ost]ra subscripsimus et sigillo Regni n[ost]ri Muniri, Mandauimus testimonio literarum. Datu[m] Leopoli Die prima Mensis July Anno Domini Millesimo Quingentesimo Septuagesimo Octauo, Regni Vero n[ost]ri Anno Tertio. [Verso:] [Nota 1:] Torneatorum [Nota 2:] Privilegium [...] [Nota 3:] Articuli Torneatorum