Privilege of King John Casimir for the Tailors' Guild of Lwów prohibiting competition

JOHN CASIMIR by the Grace of God, King of Poland, Grand Duke of Lithuania, Ruthenia, Prussia, Masovia, Samogitia, Livonia, Smolensk, Chernihiv, and also hereditary King of the Swedes, Goths and Vandals. We hereby announce by this Our letter to all and each in particular whom it may concern: It has been submitted to Us by certain of Our advisors, in the name and on behalf of the Tailors' Guild of Our City of Lwów, how, contrary to the laws and privileges graciously granted to the same guild by Our Illustrious Predecessors and to ancient custom, the Jews of Our City of Lwów and certain others remaining outside the brotherhood and guild of tailors, dare to practice the tailoring craft, to produce garments of various kinds serving for the adornment and clothing of people, and to offer the sewn items for sale, taking away and depriving the tailors of the means of earning a living. And a request was submitted to Us that We might deign to remedy the above matters out of Our Royal Grace. We, therefore, desiring not only to graciously accede to this request but also to have regard for Our City of Lwów, exposed to neighboring enemy invasions, so that the same city and the craftsmen settled therein, as far as possible, might be in a better state, gain greater growth from day to day, and be able to achieve better living benefits, whence they might become more capable and ready for all duties to Our City of Lwów in all times of peace and war, to the said Brotherhood and Tailors' Guild of Our City of Lwów [...] interceding for the laws, privileges, and constitutions, first by [...] formerly Władysław the Fourth, Our most beloved Brother, in the year one thousand six hundred and thirty-four approved and confirmed; then by two privileges of the Illustrious formerly Sigismund the First [given] in Kraków on the Monday after the feast of the Holy Spirit in the year one thousand five hundred and thirty-three, and the second in Kraków on the Monday after Quasimodo Sunday in the year one thousand five hundred and forty-three, as well as the Illustrious formerly Sigismund Augustus [...] we decide and resolve by the power of this [letter]: That no Jew, living either in the City or outside it, nor other people not belonging to the Tailors' Brotherhood [...], shall dare or presume to practice the tailoring craft to the detriment and harm of the said tailors of Our City of Lwów, to make, prepare, or manufacture garments, clothes, caps, and other [...] any clothes whatsoever, nor to offer these sewn, prepared, and manufactured items for sale in cities, towns, villages, fairs, and markets, both weekly and daily [...] secretly and covertly, or to interfere and intrude into their craft [...]. Likewise, peddlers [may not] offer for sale, exchange, or trade openly and publicly garments, fabrics [nebuleas], otherwise known as [...] at any time of public market, than [...] (considering that the tailors themselves offer such garments made by them for sale at the public market), as they derive their means of subsistence solely from their craft and not from other trades [...] And the said peddlers and Jews, hearing [this], shall not raise or aim at [objections] regarding things of this kind made under penalty of forfeiture, the former regarding the craft, the latter regarding slander [...]. Which regulation, being now and for the future, [applies to] their deputies and substitutes [...] of Lwów and other cities and towns [...] violating [the law] and whoever in the castle, the City of Lwów and its suburbs [...] would practice the tailoring craft, sew garments, [or] offer sewn [items] for sale [...] shall and ought to be subject to [forfeiture]. And because the furriers of Our City of Lwów [...] shielded and defended themselves with the laws and authority before the people of the tailors, and at the same time the guild [...] but now they have their own, and those woolen caps, belonging to the tailors' craft, they sew and manufacture, and offer the sewn and manufactured items for sale, whereby harm is done to the rights and privileges of the tailors, therefore We, [forbid that] the said furriers, regarding these rights and privileges of the tailors, dare to sew and sell the sewn items in the future, unless by [...] tailors [...] Otherwise, if they were to act differently [...] let him show and provide appropriate assistance, so that such furriers who would sell caps made of cloth sewn by themselves, under penalty of forfeiture of such caps offered for sale [...] issued [ordinances], contrary to the privileges granted and conceded to the tailors' guild by Our Illustrious Predecessors, we revoke and annul, and we declare and decree that the said [...] of the Lwów furriers cannot use them nor defend themselves with them. Furthermore, at the request of [...] in the name of the said Lwów tailors, made by certain of Our advisors, [...] which should be ordered to the Lwów Magistrate, so that the said entire tailors' guild, in this way by Our Illustrious Predecessors and by Ourselves exempted [...], in all and individual their points, clauses, articles, and conditions we approve, confirm, and recognize as ratified: just as indeed we approve, confirm [...], that the contained [provisions] should always maintain the proper force and authority of perpetual durability. We therefore order the above-mentioned [...] that all and each in particular observe and keep [them], and also diligently ensure that they are observed and kept by others, and that they put all the above [provisions] into proper execution. Under pain of Our displeasure and according to the duty of their offices, let them not do otherwise. In faith and testimony of which [...] signed by Our hand, we ordered to be strengthened with the crown seal. Given in Sambor, on the 31st day of August in the year of our Lord 1660, the years of Our reign: in Poland the twelfth, and in Sweden the thirteenth year. [Signature:] Stefan Hankiewicz, Secretary of His Royal Majesty, by his own hand. [On the fold on the left side:] By the effort and labor of the reputable Edward Menke and Piotr Sawiński, elders of the Tailors' Guild of the City of Lwów, it was obtained. [Seal:] [The great crown seal of John Casimir, impressed in red wax, cracked with losses, suspended on silk cords in a metal case]. [Verso:] [Oblation note:] Oblated to the acts of the Lwów council office [...] and entered On Tuesday before the nearest feast of Saint Martin the Confessor / in the year 1660 [...] / No. 7 [Other archival notes and regests:] Register 1660 [...] Privilege of the Lwów tailors [...] Ad X X Michael John Casimir

IOANNES CASIMIRUS Dei gratia Rex Poloniæ, M[agnus] D[ux] L[ithuaniae], Ruff[iae], Pruff[iae], Mafouiæ, Samog[itiae], Liuon[iae], Smolen[sciae], Czerni[choviae]q[ue], necn[on] Suec[orum], Goth[orum], Uandalorumq[ue] Hæreditarius Rex. Significamus præſentibus L[itte]ris Noſtris, quorum intereſt, vniuerſis & ſingulis: Expoſitum eſſe coram Nobis per certos Conſiliarios Noſtros, nomine et ex parte Contubernij Sartorum Ciuitat[is] N[ost]ræ Leopolien[sis], qualiter contra Iura & Priuilegia à Sereniffimis Prædeceſsoribus Noſtris eidem Contubernio benigne conceſsa, et antiquam Conſuetudinem, Iudæi Ciuitatis Nostræ Leopolien[sis], et nonnulli alij extra Fraternitatem et Contubernium Sartorum exiſtentes, Artem Sartoriam exercere, veſtesq[ue] varij generis ad ornamentum et veſtitum humanum ſpectantes, conficere, confutas venum exponere, audent, facultatem victus quærendi Sartoribus adimentes et intercipientes. Supplicatumq[ue] Nobis eſt, quatenus in præmiſſis de Noſtra Regia Clementia prouidere dignaremur. Nos itaq[ue] non ſolum huiuſmodi Supplicationi benigne annuere, verum etiam Ciuitatis Nostræ Leopolien[sis] finitimis incurſionibus hoſtilibus expoſitæ, rationem habere cupientes, vt ea ipſa Ciuitas, et artifices in ea locati, quoad fieri poteſt, melius inſtatuantur, maiusq[ue] in dies capiant incrementum, ac ad meliorem vitæ frugem peruenire poſsint, vnde et ad quævis obſequia Ciuitati N[ost]ræ Leopolien[si] pro omniq[ue] pacis et belli tempore ſuſtinenda, aptiores promptioresq[ue] reddantur, prædictam Fraternitatem et Contubernium Sartorum Ciuitat[is] N[ost]ræ Leopolien[sis] [...] [i]ntercedendo Iuribus, Priuilegijs, et Conſtitutionibus, primo per [...] olim Vladislaum Quartum Fratrem Nostrum desideratissimum in Annis Mill[esim]o Sexcen[tesim]o Trigesimo Quarto approbat et confirmat; Tum Priuilegijs binis à Serenissimo olim Sigismundo Primo Cracoviae Feria Secunda post Festum S[ancti] Spiritus Anno Mill[esim]o Quingentesimo Trigesimo tertio, Secundo Cracoviae Feria Secunda post Festum Dominicae Misericordiae Anno Mill[esim]o Quingentesimo Quadragesimo tertio, nec non Serenissimi olim Sigismundi Augusti [...] statuimus et decernimus tenore præsentium: Ut nullus Iudæorum tam in Ciuitate, quam extra habitan[tium], alijq[ue] homines non habita Fraternitate Sartorum [...], Artem Sartoriam in depræſſionem et detrimentum prædictorum Sartorum Ciuitatis Noſtræ Leopolien[sis] exercere, vestes, tunicas, pileos, aliasq[ue] [...] se qualescunq[ue] pannos conficere, parare, elaborare, illasq[ue] conſutas, paratas et elaboratas per Ciuitates, oppida, villas, nundinas, Foraq[ue] tam Septimanalia, quàm quotidiana [...] clam et occulte, aut se in eorundem artificium [...] ingereret et intrudere audeant et præsumant. Prout et vero seu alias Kramarze vestes, nebuleas, alias Czochowe [...] quolibet tempore in Foro publico celebran[do] venum exponere, permutare et commutare palam et manifeste quam [...] (stante eo, quod ipsi Sartores eiusm[odi] vestes per se confectas in Foro publico venum exponente) quod ex solo artificio suo, non ex alijs negotiationibus, rationem sui victus prouident [...] Audientes vero dicti Institores et Iudæis res eiusm[odi] confectæ sub amifsione, hi quòd artificij illi vero calumniarum [...] leuantur nec intendant. Quæ quidem Ordinatio nunc et pro tempore existen[s], horumq[ue] loca tenen[s] et vices-gerentium [...] Leopolien[sis] et aliarum Ciuitatum et Oppidorum [...] transgressores, et eos quicunq[ue] in Vrbe Ciuitate Leopolien[si] eiusq[ue] Suburbijs [...] Artem Sartoriam exercuerint, vestes consuerint, conſutas [...] venum exponente [...] fuerint cedet et debebit. Et quoniam Pelliones Ciuitatis N[ost]ræ Leopolien[sis] [...] Iuribus, et Authoritatibus hominibus Sartorum dare se tuebantur et defendebant, in simulq[ue] Contubernium [...] nunc vero iam habent proprium, pileosq[ue] eos laneos ad artificium Sartorum spectan[tes] consuunt et elaborant, consutosq[ue] et elaboratos venum exponunt, per quod Iuribus, & Privilegijs Sartorum derogatur, Ideo Nos prædictos Pelliones ad eadem Iura et Privilegia Sartorum spectantes, amplius consuere, atq[ue] consutos diuendere, nisi per [...] Sartores [...] fuerint audeant. Alioquin si secus fecerint [...] auxilium opportunum præstet et præbeat, ita tales Pellifices, qui pileos per se pannos consutos diuenderint, amifsione talium pileorum venum exposit[orum] [...] emanata, in contraria Privilegijs Sartorum Contubernio à Serenissimis Prædecessoribus Nostris datis et concessis reuocamus et invalidamus, præfatumq[ue] [...] Pellionum Leopolien[sium] iisdem non posse gaudere et defendi declaramus et pronuntiamus. Præterea ad petitionem [...] nomine præfatorum Sartorum Leopolien[sium], per certos Consiliarios Nostros fact[am], [...] Magistratui Leopolien[si] iniungendas, ne dictum totius Contubernium Sartorum, taliter per Serenissimos Prædecessores Nostros et per Nos ipsos, exemptos [...] omnibus et singulis eorum punctis, clausulis, articulis, et conditionibus approbamus, confirmamus, et ratificamus esse ducimus: Ut quidem approbamus, confirmamus [...] contenta, vim et robur debite et perpetuae firmitatis semper obtinere debere. Mandamus itaq[ue] supra specificatis [...] omnibus et singulis manu teneant et obseruent, ab alijsque manuteneri et obseruari diligenter curent, omnia præmissa debitæ executioni demandent. Pro Gratia Nostra Officiorumq[ue] Suorum debito, secus non faciant. In cuius rei fidem et euidentiam [...] manu Nostra subscriptas Sigillo Regni communiri iussimus. Datum Samboriae Die XXXI Mensis Augusti, Anno Domini M.DC.LX. Regnorum Nostrorum Poloniae XII, Sueciae vero XIII Anno. [Podpis:] Stephanus Hankiewicz secr[etarius] Reg[iae] M[ajes]t[at]is m[anu] p[ro]p[ri]a [Na plice po lewej stronie:] Cura et opera Famator[um] Hedwerti Menke et Petri Sawinski Seniorum Contubernij Sartorum Ciuit[atis] Leopolien[sis] procuratum est. [Pieczęć:] [Zawieszona na sznurach jedwabnych w metalowej puszce pieczęć wielka koronna Jana Kazimierza wyciśnięta w czerwonym wosku, pęknięta z ubytkami]. [Verso:] [Zapiska oblacyjna:] Ad Acta Officij Consularis Leopolien[sis] oblat[um] [...] et ingrossat[um] Feria tertia ante Festum Sancti Martini Confessoris prox[ima] / A[nn]o 1660 [...] / No 7 [Inne noty archiwalne i regesty:] Reg[estrum] 1660 [...] Przywiley krawcow lwowskich [...] Ad X X Michael Johan Casimir